Definition

A form of a virus used to deliver genetic material into a cell. Before the virus is used in this way, it is changed in the laboratory so that it cannot cause disease in people. Viral vectors may be used to carry genes that can change cancer cells back to normal cells or to replace a gene that isn’t working correctly with a working copy of the gene. In cancer vaccines, viral vectors can be used to deliver specific cancer-related antigens into the body. The antigens may stimulate the immune system to recognize and kill the cancer cells. Viral vectors may also be used in vaccines to help prevent certain types of viral infections. Examples of viral vectors are adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, retroviruses, lentiviruses, and herpes simplex viruses.