Definition

A serious disease caused by infection with bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis. The bacteria can invade the blood, the thin layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord called the meninges, and rarely, the lungs. Meningococcal disease can be passed from one person to another through close contact with saliva, mucus, or other fluids from the nose, throat, or mouth. The signs and symptoms usually get worse very quickly. They include fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, confusion, sensitivity to light, a dark purple rash, fatigue, cold hands and feet, severe muscle or joint pain, rapid breathing, and diarrhea. Meningococcal disease is a life-threatening condition that can cause long-term problems, including brain or kidney damage, nervous system problems, hearing loss, and loss of arms, legs, fingers, or toes. It is more common in infants, teens, and young adults. Other people who are at increased risk of the disease include those with a weakened immune system, those who take certain medicines, college students who live in dorms, and those who travel to, work, or live in areas where the disease is more common.