Definition

A live bacterial strain, with potential immunostimulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of the therapeutic bacterial strain CJRB-101, the bacteria activates M1 macrophage and induces repolarization of M2 macrophages. This increases C-X-C motif chemokine 9 (CXCL9) and 10 (CXCL10)-expressing M1 macrophages and induces a shift from M2 to M1 macrophage dominance in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This stimulates the recruitment of other immune cells, increases the population of antigen-presenting specialized dendritic cells (DCs) and activates cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the TME. This may enhance anti-tumor immune responses, specifically a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated killing of tumor cells, and may eradicate tumor cells.