Definition

A formulation containing a live-attenuated strain of the bacterium Salmonella typhi, with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ZH9, the Salmonella in ZH9 may cause a Salmonella-induced systemic reprogramming of myeloid cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). This enhances the recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells, including the upregulation of co-stimulatory and major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules on dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, monocytes, and macrophages. This may alleviate immune suppression, restore immune fitness and tissue immunosurveillance and re-activate an anti-tumor immune response.