Definition

An oral solution composed of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS) and the polymer and bioadhesive component poloxamer 407, with potential mucosal protective activity. Upon oral administration of the HA/CS/poloxamer 407 oral solution, poloxamer 407 facilitates the adhesion of HA and CS to the esophageal mucosa, thereby prolonging their action. HA and CS provide a mucosal protective barrier and act similarly to the natural components in the submucosal tissue lining the esophagus. HA plays a key role in cell signaling and repair, tissue generation, morphogenesis, and structural organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM). CS protects the epithelium of the esophageal mucosa by shielding the epithelial areas damaged by acid, thus diminishing catabolic activity and inhibiting proteolytic enzymes, such as metalloproteases, collagenase, and elastase. In addition, CS regulates several inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-a, IL-1b, COX-2, PGE2, and NFkB, and reduces the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), which is involved in the inflammatory cascade. This may help prevent inflammation locally. Altogether, this formulation may help heal any damaged mucosa and may help protect against radiation-induced esophagitis.