Definition

A humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 (LILRB2; immunoglobulin-like transcript 4; ILT4; lymphocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 2; LIR2; monocyte/macrophage immunoglobulin-like receptor 10; MIR-10; CD85d), with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration, anti-LILRB2 monoclonal antibody JTX-8064 targets and binds to LILRB2. This prevents the binding of LILRB2 ligands, including endogenous major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules, to their receptor and prevents LILRB2-mediated signaling. This may abrogate the immunosuppressive activities of LILRB2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME), activate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including GM-CSF and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and enhance a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated anti-tumor immune response. LILRB2, expressed primarily by myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) and granulocytes, and certain tumor cells, plays a key role in tumor immune evasion.